2. Study (papers)

If the observation defines the boundaries between the known and the unknown for the individual observer, the study moves and refines those boundaries based on the accumulated knowledge (and ideally the wisdom) of all previous observers.

This is the knowledge in the scientific papers published by the Functional Neuroscience Group at HM CINAC since its inception at the end of 2014. If you come from Hypothesis (ideas), each paper is associated to the corresponding research line(s), making explicit when the group played mainly a collaborative role.

2024

Micera S, Foffani G. The expanding horizon of neurotechnology: Is multimodal neuromodulation the future? PLoS Biol. 2024 Oct 28;22(10):e3002885. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002885. PMID: 39466832; PMCID: PMC11527385. (pdf) Line 1

The clinical applications of neurotechnology are rapidly expanding, and the combination of different approaches could be more effective and precise to treat brain disorders. This Perspective discusses the potential and challenges of "multimodal neuromodulation," which combines modalities such as electrical, magnetic, and ultrasound stimulation.

Pardo-Valencia J, Moreno-Gomez M, Mercado N, Pro B, Ammann C, Humanes-Valera D, Foffani G. Local wakefulness-like activity of layer 5 cortex under general anaesthesia. J Physiol. 2024 Oct;602(20):5289-5307. doi: 10.1113/JP286417. Epub 2024 Sep 24. PMID: 39316039. Line 2

By causally investigating the relationship between alterations in cortical infra-slow-frequency fluctuations and changes in cortical firing activity, through the chemogenetic manipulation of cortical activity using DREADDs, we found that local activation of the motor cortex disrupts interhemispheric synchronization without altering the state of anaesthesia. These findings have earned an editorial perspective in the same issue of the journal (Cooke and Balbinot, J Physiol 2024).

Guida P, Martínez-Fernández R, Máñez-Miró JU, Del Álamo M, Foffani G, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Monje MHG, Obeso I, Obeso JA, Gasca-Salas C. Social Cognition in Parkinson's Disease after Focused Ultrasound Subthalamotomy: A Controlled Study. Mov Disord. 2024 Oct;39(10):1763-1772. doi: 10.1002/mds.29945. Epub 2024 Aug 14. PMID: 39140267. Collab Line 1

Pagge C, Caballero-Insaurriaga J, Oliviero A, Foffani G, Ammann C. Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the supplementary motor area decreases corticospinal excitability in the motor cortex: a pilot study. Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57030-0. PMID: 38504094; PMCID: PMC10951294. (pdf) Line 1

Ammann C, Oliviero A, Obeso JA, Foffani G. Motor Cortex Disinhibition Is Not Associated with Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord. 2024 Mar;39(3):625-626. doi: 10.1002/mds.29709. Epub 2024 Jan 5. PMID: 38178799. [letter] Line 2

Pardo-Valencia J, Fernández-García C, Alonso-Frech F, Foffani G. Oscillatory vs. non-oscillatory subthalamic beta activity in Parkinson's disease. J Physiol. 2024 Jan;602(2):373-395. doi: 10.1113/JP284768. Epub 2023 Dec 12. PMID: 38084073. (pdf) Line 2 Line 3

This study first provides and integrative methodological understanding of beta-based biomarkers relevant for adaptive deep brain stimulation. It then shows that primarily the oscillatory component of subthalamic beta activity is dopamine dependent and may play a role not only in the pathophysiology but also in the progression of Parkinson's disease. The paper was featured in the cover of the Jan-2024 issue of J Physiol.

2023

Foffani G. To be or not to be hallucinating: Implications of hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences and lucid dreaming for brain disorders. PNAS Nexus. 2023 Dec 19;3(1):pgad442. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad442. PMID: 38178978; PMCID: PMC10766414. [perspective] (pdf)

This perspective intends to raise awareness and foster further research about the possible diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences and lucid dreaming for brain disorders.

Caballero-Insaurriaga J, Pineda-Pardo JA, Obeso I, Oliviero A, Foffani G. Noninvasive modulation of human corticostriatal activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Apr 11;120(15):e2219693120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2219693120. Epub 2023 Apr 6. PMID: 37023134; PMCID: PMC10104491. (pdf) Line 1 Line 3

This work first develops the ISAAC analysis framework, a novel methodology to disambiguate the interaction between regions from the activity within regions. The framework is then employed to provide the least ambiguous evidence so far that corticostriatal activity can be targeted, monitored, and modulated noninvasively in humans, which may foster the development of new treatments for brain disorders.

Škarabot J, Ammann C, Balshaw TG, Divjak M, Urh F, Murks N, Foffani G, Holobar A. Decoding firings of a large population of human motor units from high-density surface electromyogram in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol. 2023 May;601(10):1719-1744. doi: 10.1113/JP284043. Epub 2023 Apr 5. PMID: 36946417; PMCID: PMC10952962. (pdf) Collab Line 3

Martínez-Fernández R, Natera-Villalba E, Máñez Miró JU, Rodriguez-Rojas R, Marta Del Álamo M, Pineda-Pardo JÁ, Ammann C, Obeso I, Mata-Marín D, Hernández-Fernández F, Gasca-Salas C, Matarazzo M, Alonso-Frech F, Obeso JA. Prospective Long-term Follow-up of Focused Ultrasound Unilateral Subthalamotomy for Parkinson Disease. Neurology. 2023 Mar 28;100(13):e1395-e1405. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000206771. Epub 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36631272; PMCID: PMC10065206. Collab Line 1

Guida P, Foffani G, Obeso I. The Supplementary Motor Area and Automatic Cognitive Control: Lack of Evidence from Two Neuromodulation Techniques. J Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Mar 1;35(3):439-451. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01954. PMID: 36603037. Collab Line 1

Mata-Marín D, Pineda-Pardo JÁ, Michiels M, Pagge C, Ammann C, Martínez-Fernández R, Molina JA, Vela-Desojo L, Alonso-Frech F, Obeso I. A circuit-based approach to modulate hypersexuality in Parkinson's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023 Apr;77(4):223-232. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13523. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36579893. Collab Line 2

2022

Averna A, Marceglia S, Priori A, Foffani G. Amplitude and frequency modulation of subthalamic beta oscillations jointly encode the dopaminergic state in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Oct 14;8(1):131. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00399-4. PMID: 36241667; PMCID: PMC9568523. (pdf) Line 2

This work suggests that resting brain states are defined not only by amplitude modulation (AM) dynamics but also, and possibly more prominently, by frequency modulation (FM) dynamics of neuronal oscillations.

Pineda-Pardo JA, Gasca-Salas C, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Del Álamo M, Obeso I, Hernández-Fernández F, Trompeta C, Martínez-Fernández R, Matarazzo M, Mata-Marín D, Guida P, Duque A, Albillo D, Plaza de Las Heras I, Montero JI, Foffani G, Toltsis G, Rachmilevitch I, Blesa J, Obeso JA. Striatal Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Pilot Exploratory Study. Mov Disord. 2022 Oct;37(10):2057-2065. doi: 10.1002/mds.29134. Epub 2022 Jun 28. PMID: 35765711. Collab Line 1

Dileone M, Ammann C, Catanzaro V, Pagge C, Piredda R, Monje MHG, Navalpotro-Gomez I, Bergareche A, Rodríguez-Oroz MC, Vela-Desojo L, Alonso-Frech F, Catalán MJ, Molina JA, López-Ariztegu N, Oliviero A, Obeso JA, Foffani G. Home-based transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the motor cortex for treating levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Stimul. 2022 May-Jun;15(3):857-860. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.012. Epub 2022 May 21. PMID: 35609815. (pdf) [letter] Line 1

This clinical study shows that home-based transcranial static magnetic field stimulation may provide subjective improvement compared to sham stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesias.

Foffani G, Alegre M. Brain oscillations and Parkinson disease. Handb Clin Neurol. 2022;184:259-271. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819410-2.00014-X. PMID: 35034740. [review] Line 2

Foffani G. An Exponential Rather Than Multistep Model of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Mov Disord. 2022 May;37(5):1105-1106. doi: 10.1002/mds.28997. PMID: 35587619. [letter] Line 2

Soto-León V, Torres-Llacsa M, Mordillo-Mateos L, Carrasco-López C, Pineda-Pardo JA, Velasco AI, Abad-Toribio L, Tornero J, Foffani G, Strange BA, Oliviero A. Static magnetic field stimulation over motor cortex modulates resting functional connectivity in humans. Sci Rep. 2022 May 12;12(1):7834. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11859-5. PMID: 35551490; PMCID: PMC9098424. Collab Line 1

Fernández-García C, Monje MHG, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Foffani G, Herranz R, Catalán MJ, González-Hidalgo M, Matias-Guiu J, Alonso-Frech F. Long-term directional deep brain stimulation: Monopolar review vs. local field potential guided programming. Brain Stimul. 2022 May-Jun;15(3):727-736. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.04.015. Epub 2022 Apr 28. PMID: 35490971. Collab Line 1

Blesa J, Foffani G, Dehay B, Bezard E, Obeso JA. Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2022 Feb;23(2):115-128. doi: 10.1038/s41583-021-00542-9. Epub 2021 Dec 14. PMID: 34907352. [perspective] Collab Line 2

This perspective scrutinizes the temporal evolution of motor and non-motor manifestations in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Even though the commonly accepted bottom-up mechanisms of alpha-synuclein toxicity and propagation likely play a role, early involvement of the nigrostriatal system appears as a key and prominent pathophysiological mechanism. By challenging the current dogma, this work comprehensively represents the current view about PD pathogenesis at HM CINAC.

Marceglia S, Conti C, Svanidze O, Foffani G, Lozano AM, Moro E, Volkmann J, Arlotti M, Rossi L, Priori A. Double-blind cross-over pilot trial protocol to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of long-term adaptive deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. BMJ Open. 2022 Jan 3;12(1):e049955. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049955. PMID: 34980610; PMCID: PMC8724732. Collab Line 1

2021

Marceglia S, Guidetti M, Harmsen IE, Loh A, Meoni S, Foffani G, Lozano AM, Volkmann J, Moro E, Priori A. Deep brain stimulation: is it time to change gears by closing the loop? J Neural Eng. 2021 Nov 16;18(6). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac3267. PMID: 34678794. [review] Collab Line 1

Guidetti M, Marceglia S, Loh A, Harmsen IE, Meoni S, Foffani G, Lozano AM, Moro E, Volkmann J, Priori A. Clinical perspectives of adaptive deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2021 Sep-Oct;14(5):1238-1247. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.07.063. Epub 2021 Aug 8. PMID: 34371211. [review] Collab Line 1

Sánchez-León CA, Cordones I, Ammann C, Ausín JM, Gómez-Climent MA, Carretero-Guillén A, Sánchez-Garrido Campos G, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Cheron G, Medina JF, Márquez-Ruiz J. Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct- current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 4;11(1):3123. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82364-4. PMID: 33542338; PMCID: PMC7862679. Collab Line 1

Gasca-Salas C, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Pineda-Pardo JA, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Obeso I, Hernández-Fernández F, Del Álamo M, Mata D, Guida P, Ordás-Bandera C, Montero-Roblas JI, Martínez-Fernández R, Foffani G, Rachmilevitch I, Obeso JA. Blood-brain barrier opening with focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease dementia. Nat Commun. 2021 Feb 3;12(1):779. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21022-9. PMID: 33536430; PMCID: PMC7859400. Collab Line 1

2020

Ammann C, Guida P, Caballero-Insaurriaga J, Pineda-Pardo JA, Oliviero A, Foffani G. A framework to assess the impact of number of trials on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials. Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 8;10(1):21422. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77383-6. PMID: 33293541; PMCID: PMC7722939. Line 3

Ammann C, Dileone M, Pagge C, Catanzaro V, Mata-Marín D, Hernández-Fernández F, Monje MHG, Sánchez-Ferro Á, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Gasca-Salas C, Máñez-Miró JU, Martínez-Fernández R, Vela-Desojo L, Alonso-Frech F, Oliviero A, Obeso JA, Foffani G. Cortical disinhibition in Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2020 Dec 5;143(11):3408-3421. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa274. PMID: 33141146. (pdf) Line 2

With a cohort of 166 patients, this is by and large the largest study on cortical excitability in Parkinson’s disease performed so far. The main result is that the primary motor cortex is disinhibited at all stages of the disease, even in the minimally affected side of drug-naïve ‘de novo’ patients, suggesting that cortical disinhibition is a very early and possibly prodromal feature of Parkinson’s disease. The paper was selected as “Editor’s Choice” in Nov-3 2020 issue of Brain.

Foffani G, Monje MHG, Obeso JA. Rest tremor in Parkinson's disease: the theta and beta sides of the coin. Brain Commun. 2020 Aug 18;2(2):fcaa128. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa128. PMID: 33216819; PMCID: PMC7660037. [commentary] (pdf) Collab Line 2

Brocalero-Camacho A, Pérez-Borrego YA, Soto-León V, Rodriguez-Matas MJ, Foffani G, Oliviero A. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on chronic drug-resistant pain patients treated using brain stimulation approaches. Brain Stimul. 2020 Jul-Aug;13(4):1089-1090. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.05.003. Epub 2020 May 8. PMID: 32389838; PMCID: PMC7206438. Collab Line 1

Dileone M, Mordillo-Mateos L, Oliviero A, Foffani G. Significant influence of static magnetic field stimulation applied for 30 minutes over the human M1 on corticospinal excitability. Brain Stimul. 2020 May-Jun;13(3):751-752. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.008. Epub 2020 Feb 11. PMID: 32289704. [letter] Line 1

2019

Fernández-López E, Alonso-Calviño E, Humanes-Valera D, Foffani G, Aguilar J. Slow-wave activity homeostasis in the somatosensory cortex after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2019 Dec;322:113035. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113035. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31446080. Collab

Pineda-Pardo JA, Obeso I, Guida P, Dileone M, Strange BA, Obeso JA, Oliviero A, Foffani G. Static magnetic field stimulation of the supplementary motor area modulates resting-state activity and motor behavior. Commun Biol. 2019 Oct 31;2:397. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0643-8. PMID: 31701026; PMCID: PMC6823375. (pdf) Line 1

This is the first work in which the effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) are investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our results suggest that tSMS over the supplementary motor area can induce behavioral aftereffects associated with the modulation of both local and distant functionally-connected cortical circuits involved in the control of speed-accuracy tradeoffs, thus offering a promising protocol for cognitive and clinical research.

Foffani G, Trigo-Damas I, Pineda-Pardo JA, Blesa J, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Martínez-Fernández R, Obeso JA. Focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease: A twofold path toward disease modification. Mov Disord. 2019 Sep;34(9):1262-1273. doi: 10.1002/mds.27805. Epub 2019 Aug 14. PMID: 31412430. [review] Collab Line 1

Monje MHG, Foffani G, Obeso J, Sánchez-Ferro Á. New Sensor and Wearable Technologies to Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Parkinson's Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2019 Jun 4;21:111-143. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121036. PMID: 31167102. [review] Collab Line 1

Pineda-Pardo JA, Martínez-Fernández R, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Del-Alamo M, Hernández F, Foffani G, Dileone M, Máñez-Miró JU, De Luis-Pastor E, Vela L, Obeso JA. Microstructural changes of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract after transcranial MR guided focused ultrasound ablation of the posteroventral VIM in essential tremor. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Jul;40(10):2933-2942. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24569. Epub 2019 Mar 13. PMID: 30865338; PMCID: PMC6865586. Collab Line 1

2018

Sánchez-León CA, Sánchez-López Á, Ammann C, Cordones I, Carretero-Guillén A, Márquez-Ruiz J. Exploring new transcranial electrical stimulation strategies to modulate brain function in animal models. Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2018 Dec;8:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.09.001. Epub 2018 Sep 12. PMID: 30272042; PMCID: PMC6157267. [review] Collab Line 1

Foffani G, Obeso JA. A Cortical Pathogenic Theory of Parkinson's Disease. Neuron. 2018 Sep 19;99(6):1116-1128. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.028. PMID: 30236282. [perspective] (pdf) Line 2

Current pathogenic theories of Parkinson’s disease postulate a bottom-up progression, from the periphery to the neocortex. This conceptual work turns the postulated pathogenesis upside down, proposing that corticostriatal activity may act as a top-down somatotopic ‘stressor’ for nigrostriatal neurons. The symbolic meaning of this work, i.e. seeing things from another perspective, inspired the name of this website: Upside Down Brain.

Lozano-Soto E, Soto-León V, Sabbarese S, Ruiz-Alvarez L, Sanchez-Del-Rio M, Aguilar J, Strange BA, Foffani G, Oliviero A. Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) of the visual cortex decreases experimental photophobia. Cephalalgia. 2018 Jul;38(8):1493-1497. doi: 10.1177/0333102417736899. Epub 2017 Oct 11. PMID: 29020806. Collab Line 1

Dileone M, Mordillo-Mateos L, Oliviero A, Foffani G. Long-lasting effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation on motor cortex excitability. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):676-688. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Feb 7. PMID: 29500043. Line 1

This paper shows that transcranial static magnetic field stimulation can induce long-term effects in humans, paving the way toward clinical applications.

Sánchez-León CA, Ammann C, Medina JF, Márquez-Ruiz J. Using animal models to improve the design and application of transcranial electrical stimulation in humans. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep. 2018 Jun;5(2):125-135. doi: 10.1007/s40473-018-0149-6. Epub 2018 Apr 25. PMID: 30013890; PMCID: PMC6044438. [review] Collab Line 1

Arlotti M, Marceglia S, Foffani G, Volkmann J, Lozano AM, Moro E, Cogiamanian F, Prenassi M, Bocci T, Cortese F, Rampini P, Barbieri S, Priori A. Eight-hours adaptive deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2018 Mar 13;90(11):e971-e976. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005121. Epub 2018 Feb 14. PMID: 29444973; PMCID: PMC5858949. Collab Line 1

Martínez-Fernández R, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Del Álamo M, Hernández-Fernández F, Pineda-Pardo JA, Dileone M, Alonso-Frech F, Foffani G, Obeso I, Gasca-Salas C, de Luis-Pastor E, Vela L, Obeso JA. Focused ultrasound subthalamotomy in patients with asymmetric Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jan;17(1):54-63. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30403-9. Epub 2017 Dec 5. PMID: 29203153. Collab Line 1

2017

Liu C, Foffani G, Scaglione A, Aguilar J, Moxon KA. Adaptation of Thalamic Neurons Provides Information about the Spatiotemporal Context of Stimulus History. J Neurosci. 2017 Oct 11;37(41):10012-10021. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0637-17.2017. Epub 2017 Sep 12. PMID: 28899918; PMCID: PMC5637111. Collab

Manohar A, Foffani G, Ganzer PD, Bethea JR, Moxon KA. Cortex-dependent recovery of unassisted hindlimb locomotion after complete spinal cord injury in adult rats. Elife. 2017 Jun 29;6:e23532. doi: 10.7554/eLife.23532. PMID: 28661400; PMCID: PMC5499944. Collab

Dileone M, Carrasco-López MC, Segundo-Rodriguez JC, Mordillo-Mateos L, López-Ariztegui N, Alonso-Frech F, Catalan-Alonso MJ, Obeso JA, Oliviero A, Foffani G. Dopamine-dependent changes of cortical excitability induced by transcranial static magnetic field stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 28;7(1):4329. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04254-y. PMID: 28659614; PMCID: PMC5489478. Line 1

Foffani G, Dileone M. No modulatory effects by tSMS when delivered during a cognitive task. Brain Stimul. 2017 Jul-Aug;10(4):867. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.121. Epub 2017 Apr 13. PMID: 28438545. [letter] Line 1

Fernández-García C, Foffani G, Dileone M, Catalán-Alonso MJ, González-Hidalgo M, Barcía JA, Alonso-Frech F. Directional local field potential recordings for symptom-specific optimization of deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord. 2017 Apr;32(4):626-628. doi: 10.1002/mds.26949. Epub 2017 Mar 24. PMID: 28339118. [letter] Collab Line 1

Carrasco-López C, Soto-León V, Céspedes V, Profice P, Strange BA, Foffani G, Oliviero A. Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over Parietal Cortex Enhances Somatosensory Detection in Humans. J Neurosci. 2017 Apr 5;37(14):3840-3847. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2123-16.2017. Epub 2017 Mar 9. PMID: 28280254; PMCID: PMC6596712. Collab Line 1

Humanes-Valera D, Foffani G, Alonso-Calviño E, Fernández-López E, Aguilar J. Dual Cortical Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury. Cereb Cortex. 2017 May 1;27(5):2926-2940. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw142. PMID: 27226441. Collab

2016

Alonso-Calviño E, Martínez-Camero I, Fernández-López E, Humanes-Valera D, Foffani G, Aguilar J. Increased responses in the somatosensory thalamus immediately after spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Mar;87:39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 17. PMID: 26706597. Collab

2015

Gonzalez-Rosa JJ, Soto-Leon V, Real P, Carrasco-Lopez C, Foffani G, Strange BA, Oliviero A. Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over the Visual Cortex Increases Alpha Oscillations and Slows Visual Search in Humans. J Neurosci. 2015 Jun 17;35(24):9182-93. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4232-14.2015. PMID: 26085640; PMCID: PMC6605156. Collab Line 1

Oliviero A, Carrasco-López MC, Campolo M, Perez-Borrego YA, Soto-León V, Gonzalez-Rosa JJ, Higuero AM, Strange BA, Abad-Rodriguez J, Foffani G. Safety Study of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS) of the Human Cortex. Brain Stimul. 2015 May-Jun;8(3):481-5. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 11. PMID: 25595064. Line 1

Moxon KA, Foffani G. Brain-machine interfaces beyond neuroprosthetics. Neuron. 2015 Apr 8;86(1):55-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.036. PMID: 25856486. [perspective] (pdf) Collab

This conceptual work integrates ideas arising from basic research in spinal cord injury, plasticity and neural coding, before the inception of the Functional Neuroscience Group at HM CINAC.

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